Abstract
In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were prepared and coated with poly(ethylene glycol) terminated by alendronate to ensure firm binding to the iron oxide surface. Magnetic nanoparticles, designated as magnetite coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (Fe3O4@PEG-Ale), were characterized in terms of number-average (Dn) and hydrodynamic (Dh) size, ζ-potential, saturation magnetization, and composition. The effect of particles on blood pressure, vascular functions, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide production in the tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as the effect on red blood cell (RBC) parameters, was investigated after intravenous administration (1 mg Fe3O4/kg of body weight). Results showed that Fe3O4@PEG-Ale particles did negatively affect blood pressure, heart rate and RBC deformability, osmotic resistance and NO production. In addition, Fe3O4@PEG-Ale did not alter functions of the femoral arteries. Fe3O4@PEG-Ale induced increase in superoxide production in the kidney and spleen, but not in the left heart ventricle, aorta and liver. NO production was reduced only in the kidney. In conclusion, the results suggest that acute intravenous administration of Fe3O4@PEG-Ale did not produce negative effects on blood pressure regulation, vascular function, and RBCs in hypertensive rats.
Highlights
IntroductionIron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting superparamagnetic properties due to their nanoscale size are promising in a variety of bioapplications [1,2]
Magnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were synthetized by a coprecipitation method with a base
The prepared magnetite nanoparticles were coated with PEG-based polymer, that is considered to be biocompatible and bioinert and able to temporarily mask the nanoparticles against immune system and prolong their circulation in the blood stream [35]
Summary
Iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting superparamagnetic properties due to their nanoscale size are promising in a variety of bioapplications [1,2]. Such particles were already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sentinel lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bowel [3] or treatment of iron deficiency [4]. Examples of commercial polysaccharide-coated magnetic nanoparticles involve Lumirem® , Feridex® , EndoremTM , Feraheme® , and GastroMARK® [5]. Some of them were later withdrawn from the market due to the lack of interest in Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1238.
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