Abstract
Many single-use non-degradable plastics are a threat to life today, and several polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biopolymers have been developed in the bioplastic industry to place petrochemical-based plastics. One of such is the novel biomaterial poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high yield synthesis using engineered strains. To date, many bio-polymer-based functional composites have been developed to increase the value of raw microbial-biopolymers obtained from cheap sources. This review article broadly covers poly(3HP), a comprehensive summary of critical biosynthetic production pathways comparing the yields and titers achieved in different Microbial cell Factories. This article also provides extensive knowledge and highlights recent progress on biosensors’ use to optimize poly(3HP) production, some bacteria host adopted for production, chemical and physical properties, life cycle assessment for poly(3HP) production using corn oil as carbon source, and some essential medical applications of poly(3HP).
Highlights
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] is a promising monomer of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family of material properties similar to other short chain lengths (SCL) PHAs like poly(3hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)]
The effectiveness and success of the biological production of a platform chemical like 3-hydroxypropoic acid (3-HP) are dependent on the development of microbial Cell Factories; prompting vigorous and extensive researches conducted in diverse fields such as biosynthesis, gene amplification, engineering of enzymes, design of the genetic circuit, genome editing, bioinformatics, adaptive laboratory evolution, multiomics using suitable hosts, and biosynthetic pathways of microorganisms through the process called “Design-BuildTest-Learn (DBTL)” cycles (Li et al, 2012; Abatemarco et al, 2013; Cheong et al, 2015; Wu et al, 2016)
malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) enzyme from phototrophic C.aurantiacus is the focal enzyme in microbial production with an optimal enzyme reaction temperature of 57◦C (Hügler et al, 2002), which is higher than the optimal growth temperature of the carrier E. coli and the culture medium, which is 37◦C
Summary
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] is a promising monomer of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family of material properties similar to other short chain lengths (SCL) PHAs like poly(3hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)]. The effectiveness and success of the biological production of a platform chemical like 3-hydroxypropoic acid (3-HP) are dependent on the development of microbial Cell Factories; prompting vigorous and extensive researches conducted in diverse fields such as biosynthesis, gene amplification, engineering of enzymes, design of the genetic circuit, genome editing, bioinformatics, adaptive laboratory evolution, multiomics using suitable hosts, and biosynthetic pathways of microorganisms through the process called “Design-BuildTest-Learn (DBTL)” cycles (Li et al, 2012; Abatemarco et al, 2013; Cheong et al, 2015; Wu et al, 2016) To commercialize these processes through effective biosynthetic pathways to achieve economically viable products, biosensors must be constructed in a suitable metabolic route, optimized to produce desirable results (Liu et al, 2015a).
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