Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) in the Surface Water of Jiaozhou Bay

Abstract

In order to better understand phthalate esters (PAEs) pollution in Jiaozhou Bay, surface water samples were collected for content analysis in August and November 2015 and January 2016. Fifteen kinds of PAEs were detected by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content, composition, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and ecological risk assessment of the PAEs in the surface waters were examined and analyzed. The results showed that:① The total concentrations of PAEs in the surface seawater in August and November 2015 and January 2016 were 3.63-21.20 μg·L-1, 2.24-12.60 μg·L-1, and 0.01-4.15 μg·L-1, respectively, and the average concentrations were 11.10 μg·L-1, 5.26 μg·L-1, and 0.80 μg·L-1, respectively. ② Influenced by runoff and ocean currents, the concentration of PAEs in the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay is higher near the shore and lower in the middle, and the total concentration of the east coast is higher than that of the west coast. Compared with surveys of other rivers and oceans, the PAEs content in the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay is moderate, but it is heavily polluted compared with other oceans. ③ Considering the rainfall and other factors, the distribution of PAEs in the three seasons followed the order summer > autumn > winter. The main PAEs detected were DBP, BBP, and DEHP. ④ The results of the ecological risk assessment showed that the risk quotient (RQ) of DBP at each station in Jiaozhou Bay was greater than 1; that is, the ecological risk was relatively large, while the risk of the other PAEs (RQ<1) was small. PAEs have become a potentially threatening organic pollutant in Jiaozhou Bay. Their behavior and the ecological hazards that they present to the environment still require further study.