Abstract
Chinggis Khan is the single most important icon or historical figure of Mongolia but the next most important icon, for many generations was the Jebtsundamba khutukhtu (hubilgan, incarnation or “Living Buddha”) of Urga.1 The 8th Jebtsundamba, as a symbol of both religious and secular power or unity in Mongolia, weathered the storm of China’s 1911 Revolution, and Russia’s 1917 Revolution. Then during the early period of the Communist Revolution in Mongolia (1921), northern Mongolia became the first satellite of the Soviet Union and because the Jebtsundamba wielded enormous traditional influence among the people he was retained by communist leaders during a transition in the revolution in Mongolia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.82 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, No.17 2012: 64-74
Highlights
Background of the Jebtsundamba KhutukhtuAccording to the Tibetan, rjebtsun means “the revered” and dam-pa “the just one.” Khutuktu denotes the Mongolian for reincarnation or so-called “Living Buddha,” a term derived from the Chinese
Even earlier Japan pursued plans to restore a 9th incarnation of the Jebtsundamba in Inner Mongolia known traditionally as the Grand Lama of Urga ( Ulaanbaatar), as the Bogdo Khan
This report will comment on three different Japanese plans or “operations” to restore a new 9th Jebtsundamba in Inner Mongolia
Summary
Background of the Jebtsundamba KhutukhtuAccording to the Tibetan, rjebtsun means “the revered” and dam-pa “the just one.” Khutuktu denotes the Mongolian for reincarnation or so-called “Living Buddha,” a term derived from the Chinese. During the Japanese occupation of Inner Mongolia they developed rather unique policies regarding Chinggis Khan and the Jebtsundamba to advance their policies among the Mongolian people. In Eastern Mongolia the Japanese built a shrine memorializing Chinggis Khan at Wang-yeh-miao (Ulaanhot) to rally Mongolian support after Japan’s defeat in the crucial battle of Nomonkhan (Khalkingol) on the border of Manchukuo and Khalkha Mongolia (1939).
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