POLITICAL AND JUDICIAL POWER: TRANSFER OF IDEAS AND TERMS

Abstract

The article argues that political linguistics and legal linguistics have many features in common: they epitomize and serve power in the society and have similar pragmalinguistic properties - illocutionary and perlocutionary functions; they demonstrate problems with formation of the terminological field, etc. Political linguistics studies the mechanisms and conditions of exercising political communication; its main aim is to explore various relationships between the subjects of political activity and the political state of society, which creates the conditions for the development of optimal strategies and tactics of political activity. Legal linguistics concentrates on the three main areas: legal linguistic hermeneutics engaged in the study of legal language as a tool for creation and interpretation of laws; forensic speech studies; forensic linguistic expert studies. It is possible to explore the nature of power and the specificity and mechanisms of governance with the help of the language, if we pose the following hypothesis: a linguistic system is a subsystem of the state. Neologisms springing up in the language point to the expansion of sphere of policy: business policy, economic policy, legal policy, etc. Orientation towards integration in all contemporary sciences makes it possible to speak about transfer of terms leading to flexibility of terminological units which adjust to each other in the process of interaction. The integrative approach allows the researcher to distinguish between the closely related concepts of law, linguistics (lexicographic sources) and pragmatics - “umysel”, “namerenie”, “intentsiya” and to reveal the ones most commonly used in legal linguistics - “umysel”, “umyshlennost'”.