Abstract
AbstractA method has been suggested for calculating the first difference of normal stresses characterizing the flow of polymers at high shear stresses. The calculations are based on the results of rheooptical measurements in a slit of rectangular cross section. It has been found, for several samples of high molecular weight polybutadienes and polyisoprenes, that the flow behavior of the representatives of the given polymer homologous series having different molecular weights is characterized by a general relationship between the first normal stress differences and the shear stresses in those cases where the polymers are characterized by narrow molecular weight distributions. It has also been established that the first normal stress difference sharply increases in the region of shear stresses which immediately precedes the spurt—a jumpwise increase of the flow rate at a certain critical value of shear stress; while for polymers of wide molecular weight distribution the increase of the normal stress difference in the region of high values of shear stresses is retarded. Equilibrium swell of the extrudate has been measured and the first normal stress difference determined by the rheo‐optical method has been found to agree satisfactorily with the values calculated from the swelling ratios according to theoretical models.
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