Abstract
A novel fractal-based metamaterial unit cell, useful for ambient power harvesting, is proposed to operate within the 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi band. The simulated fractal cell offers very high absorption coefficients, a wide-angle and polarization-insensitive behavior, and very small size. A 9 × 9 fractal-based metamaterial harvester is designed and simulated, by demonstrating a very high harvesting efficiency equal to 96.5% at 2.45 GHz. The proposed metamaterial configuration could be very appealing for the implementation of high efficiencies and compact harvesting systems for wireless sensor network applications.
Highlights
The explosive growth of the wireless communication industry has led to a dramatic increase in the energy cost
Despite the great efforts given in the last decade on the metamaterial harvester systems research area, several open challenges still exist in the design and the practical implementation of metamaterial harvesters, which affect the effectiveness of the overall radio frequency (RF)–DC conversion process
To evaluate the amount of the absorbed energy channelized to the loads, the ratio between the total power delivered to the loads (Pdel_loads ) and the power incident on the metamaterial surface (Pinc ) is computed for different directions and polarizations of the impinging electromagnetic wave
Summary
The explosive growth of the wireless communication industry has led to a dramatic increase in the energy cost. Despite the great efforts given in the last decade on the metamaterial harvester systems research area, several open challenges still exist in the design and the practical implementation of metamaterial harvesters, which affect the effectiveness of the overall RF–DC conversion process They are mainly related to the following tasks: (a) Design of a perfect absorbing metasurface, quite independent of the polarization and/or the direction of the impinging EM signal, able to realize an efficient RF-to-AC conversion stage; (b) optimization of a feeding network, maximizing the power transfer to the input ports of the rectification circuitries; (c) optimization of this last circuit block, necessary for realizing an efficient AC–DC conversion stage. Efficiency is presented, showing very high and polarization-insensitive efficiency values
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