Abstract
The measurement of Poisson’s ratio of nanomaterials is extremely challenging. Here we report a lateral atomic force microscope experimental method to electromechanically measure the Poisson’s ratio and gauge factor of individual nanowires. Under elastic loading conditions we monitor the four-point resistance of individual metallic nanowires as a function of strain and different levels of electrical stress. We determine the gauge factor of individual wires and directly measure the Poisson’s ratio using a model that is independently validated for macroscopic wires. For macroscopic wires and nickel nanowires we find Poisson’s ratios that closely correspond to bulk values, whereas for silver nanowires significant deviations from the bulk silver value are observed. Moreover, repeated measurements on individual silver nanowires at different levels of mechanical and electrical stress yield a small spread in Poisson ratio, with a range of mean values for different wires, all of which are distinct from the bulk value.
Highlights
IntroductionWe report a lateral atomic force microscope experimental method to electromechanically measure the Poisson’s ratio and gauge factor of individual nanowires
The measurement of Poisson’s ratio of nanomaterials is extremely challenging
To explain the different behaviours of nickel NWs (NiNW) and AgNWs we consider the possible roles of current density and wire material structure
Summary
We report a lateral atomic force microscope experimental method to electromechanically measure the Poisson’s ratio and gauge factor of individual nanowires. Repeated measurements on individual silver nanowires at different levels of mechanical and electrical stress yield a small spread in Poisson ratio, with a range of mean values for different wires, all of which are distinct from the bulk value. Our approach is applicable to macro, micro and nanoscale materials, it is most readily implemented for metal nanowires (NWs). This method involves the mechanical manipulation of a double-clamped wire, while a simultaneous four-point electrical resistance measurement is performed using a precision source-measure unit that enables the simultaneous measurement of the current through and the voltage across the wire while the wire undergoes mechanical manipulation
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