Abstract
Surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) is a quantum-electromagnetic phenomenon arising from the interaction of light with free electrons at a metal-dielectric interface. At a specific angle/wavelength of light, the photon’s energy is transferred to excite the oscillation of the free electrons on the surface. A change in the refractive-index (RI) may occur, which is influenced by the analyte concentration in the medium in close contact with the metal surface. SPR has been widely used for the detection of gaseous, liquid, or solid samples. In this study, a functionalized specific SPR chip was designed and used in a novel point-of-care SPR module (PhotonicSys SPR H5) for the detection of the stroke biomarkers NT-proBNP and S100β. These biomarkers have proven to be good for stroke diagnosis, with sensitivity and specificity of >85%. Specific detection was done by binding a biomolecular-recognizing antibody onto the Au SPR-chip. Detection was tested in water and plasma samples. NT-proBNP and S100β were detected in a range of concentrations for stroke, from 0.1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The RI of the blank plasma samples was 1.362412, and the lowest concentration tested for both biomarkers showed a prominent shift in the RI signal (0.25 ng/mL NT-proBNP (1.364215) and S100β (1.364024)). The sensor demonstrated a clinically relevant limit-of-detection of less than ng/mL.
Highlights
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally [1] and is a costly disease from a human, economic, and societal perspective [2]
This study shows the use of a novel SPR module (PhotonicSys SPR H5, Figure 2) that is tested for the detection of the stroke biomarkers NT-proBNP and S100β
MUA-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/NHS reaction (MUA)-ethanolic solution to allow the formation of a self-assembled monolayer with carboxyl functional using MUA-ethanolic solution to allow the formation of a self-assembled monolayer with carboxyl group on the surface, coupling of coupling the antibody onto the substrate surface with EDC/NHS
Summary
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally [1] and is a costly disease from a human, economic, and societal perspective [2]. There are more than 16 million stroke cases, and an estimated 6.7 million people die from stroke globally [3]. Sensors 2019, 19, 2533 stroke, the burden of stroke is likely to increase further as the global population ages. The efficacy of stroke treatment is highly dependent on a timely diagnosis and administration of treatment [4,5]. It is thought that approximately 1.9 million neurons die every minute following the onset of cerebral ischemia [6].
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