Abstract
Chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum has been associated with specific mutations in the Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 genes. In this study, 66 patients aged (1—65 years) with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Sudan, were examined to assess the association between the mutations and clinical outcome. In vivo method was used according to WHO (1996) protocol and PCR-RFLP was used to detect point of mutations. The results showed that 48 (72.7%) were sensitive to Chloroquine and successfully treated, failure was observed in 18 (27.3%). R1, R11 & R111 levels of resistance were detected, while PCR-RFLP analysis revealed the presence of mutant T76 allele in 42 (63.6%) isolates. The remaining 24 (36.4%) isolates carried the wild type (K76) allele and no mixed alleles were found. The Pfmdr1 (Tyr-86) was found in 33 (50%) isolates, while 26 (39.4%) isolates carried (Asn-86) wild type, and 7 (10.6%) isolates had mixed infection (Tyr-86 plus Asn-86). The data showed that the allele of the Pfcrt gene with K76T is strongly associated with chloroquine resistance, while there is no association between Pfmdr -1 gene and chloroquine in vivo test, further studies are needed to assess the drug resistance in other regions of intense transmission.
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