Abstract
It has been found that plane, line, and point imperfections play an important role in the incidence, alignment, and morphology characteristic of metal nuclei formed by heterogeneous condensations of heterogeneous vapor condensation involving relatively strong homogeneous interactions and weak heterogeneous interactions can now be applied to the mechanism of metal film formation with some confidence for specific metalsubstrate condensation systems. The high sensitivity of film orientation and structure to the initial stages of nucleation for these systems suggests that critical factors pertaining to the defect structure of the substrate and to the specific vacuum conditions prior to and during condensation influence film formation. For example, the low epitaxial temperature observed on irradiated surfaces indicates that epitaxial alignment of nuclei on ordered, tight-binding sites is critical in inducing epitaxy at low temperature. Some of the significant factors essential to the influence of these variabl...
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