Abstract
Large-scale fluctuating flow structures are studied using snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in a turbulent boundary layer over a realistic rough forward-facing step (FFS) at Re h = 3,450 and δ/h = 8. It was observed that large-scale Q2 event induced by hairpin vortex packet and large-scale Q4 event are the dominant fluctuating flow structures that contribute significantly to the first POD mode for both smooth and rough steps. However, the flow structures close to the rough surface were affected differently by different roughness topographies.
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