Początki kultu wodzów i władzy charyzmatycznej w Rzymie w okresie późnej republiki

Abstract

The Beginnings of Cult of Military Leaders and Charismatic Power in Rome during the Late Republic (Summary) In 1985 “Athenaeum” published the article by Maria Jaczynowska La genesi repubblicana del culto imperiale. Da Scipione l’Africano a Giulio Cesare, in which the author analyzed the origin of the cult of Roman military leaders, linking it with the development of the institution of triumph and imperial ideology as well as Hellenistic influences. Military victories of Roman military leaders deserved special honors or even certain forms of “worship” to which Hellenistic rulers were entitled as deities. A kind of distinguishing feature of the leaders were also the attributes that made up their charisma. A characteristic of charismatic power, apart from contacts withdeities, was having divine virtues associated with their incarnation in man, which also had an independent divine existence: virtutes. Three stages can be distinguished in the development of the cult of Roman military leaders and creation of their charismatic power during the Late Republic in Rome. The first was the period of the Second Punic War, its representatives being Scipio the African and M. Claudius Marcellus, the second was Sulla’s policy, and the conclusion was Caesar’s policy culminated with his deification after his death.