Abstract

Refractory epilepsy affects 30% of epileptic patients, with devastating consequences for their personal and professional development. Of those, about 40% could benefit from surgical treatment, provided there is an identifiable accessible epileptic focus. When non-invasive diagnosis is inconclusive, further study is warranted by incursive registration of electrical brain activity with either subdural, epidural or deep electrodes. The latter, known as stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), displays a three dimensional representation of the epileptic zone and permits identification of subcortical aberrancies. Traditional frame-based or the novel robotic-based stereotactic placement of deep electrodes, though very precise, are cumbersome and expensive. Thus, we propose a frameless neuronavigation technique, combined with intraoperative imaging, as a reliable and straightforward alternative. We present our experience and results with an intraoperative 3D fluoroscopic device and an articulated passive arm for SEEG electrode placement.

Full Text
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