Pneumoperitoneum by Inguinal Laceration after Traffic Accident

Abstract

BackgroundThe leading cause of surgical pneumoperitoneum is hollow viscus perforation, which accounts for approximately 90% of cases. A nonsurgical etiology may account for up to about 10% of the causes of pneumoperitoneum. However, a pneumoperitoneum often poses significant management dilemmas for surgeons, especially when signs of peritonitis are absent or when the cause is unknown prior to laparotomy. We present the first case of pneumoperitoneum due to inguinal laceration without viscus perforation after a traffic accident. Case ReportA 17-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a deep laceration of 7∼8 cm with bleeding in the right inguinal region after a collision with a passenger car while riding a bicycle. The abdominal examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness on deep palpation without peritoneal signs. A chest radiograph showed no free gas below the diaphragm. On computed tomography angiography of the aorta, subcutaneous emphysema in the right inguinal and femoral areas and free air in the peritoneal cavity were observed. There was no bowel perforation in an exploratory laparotomy, but the right femoral sheath ruptured, and exposure of the femoral vessels into the peritoneal cavity was observed. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?A pneumoperitoneum can be caused by femoral sheath rupture without hollow viscus perforation in patients with a penetrating groin injury. Therefore, emergency physicians should not pursue solely abdominal/pelvic sources of a pneumoperitoneum in patients with a penetrating groin injury.