Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have superior physicochemical properties and great potential in biomedical applications. Eco-friendly and economic approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional physical and chemical methods. Various biogenic entities have been utilized in the green synthesis of PtNPs, including mainly plant extracts, algae, fungi bacteria, and their biomedical effects were assessed. Other biological derivatives have been used in the synthesis of PtNPs such as egg yolk, sheep milk, honey, and bovine serum albumin protein. The green approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have reduced the reaction time, the energy required, and offered ambient conditions of fabrication. This review highlights the state-of-the-art methods used for green synthesis of PtNPs, synthesis parameters, and their reported biomedical applications.
Highlights
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have gained attention as promising tools for biomedical applications [1,2]
120 C using an autoclave (15 psi) and pH 8. This is the only study we found that involved autoclave use to achieve the rapid biosynthesis of PtNPs
Green synthesis of PtNPs using different biological systems is affected by critical parameters such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of metal ions to plant extract, and pH
Summary
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have gained attention as promising tools for biomedical applications [1,2]. Several physical and chemical approaches have been developed for the fabrication of PtNPs, including lithography, laser ablation, aerosol techniques, sol-gel techniques, co-precipitation, chemical reduction, and photochemical reduction. These methods are expensive and involve toxic reagents and synthetic stabilizers that may impact the environment and human health [5,6,7]. Algae are other relevant biological entities in the green synthesis of PtNPs. Algae, primitive aquatic microorganisms, are rich in various bioactive compounds and natural reductants. The influence of reaction conditions on the synthesis of PtNPs is presented, and their morphology and sizes are compared
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