Platelet-rich preparations as biocarriers for local drugs for periodontal disease: A narrative review

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Platelets are nucleated cells that form blood clots as their primary function, but their popularity comes with secondary functions such as angiogenesis and innate immunity. Aims: This review focuses on different methods of platelet-rich plasma production and its use as a drug carrier, particularly in dental medicine. Materials and Methods: Scientific databases were searched from 2006 to 2013. Results and Discussion: Platelet-derived growth factors are released during the modulation of the wound-healing process and regulate many biological activities. High regeneration capacity in the wound healing process combines its use with traditional methods in medical applications and sometimes in alternative treatment methods. Platelet-rich biological structures have advantages such as rapid and easy production, antimicrobial properties, high regenerative capacity, and inhibition of postoperative bleeding. Platelet-rich autogenous blood concentrates can administer antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs locally. Platelet-rich biological structures can also be used as high-quality carriers for the targeted delivery of drugs. Conclusion: Apart from antibiotics, orally administered analgesics, anticancer drugs, etc., can also be added to platelet-rich fibrin because the three-dimensional fibrin matrix structure undergoes fibrinolysis completely autogenously within the body. Still, biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and shape retention must be investigated for optimal drug utilization.