Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) represents second generation of platelet concentrates, which has gained increasing awareness in recent years for regenerative procedures. This biologic additive is completely autologous, easy to prepare, has minimal expense, and possesses prolonged growth factor release, together with several other advantages over traditionally prepared platelet concentrates. Since its introduction, various protocols for PRF preparation have been proposed with different amounts of growth factors and other biomolecules necessary for wound healing. However, reference data about potential effect of some PRF components on hard and soft tissue healing are still conflicting. The current article intends to clarify the relevant advances about physiological role of certain PRF components and to provide insight into the new developmental approach. Also, this review summarizes the evolution of platelet concentrates and biologic properties of different modifications of PRF procedure.
Highlights
Different platelet concentrates, as surgical adjuvants, have been used to enhance the wound healing and tissueSince earlier studies [5,6] demonstrated the ability of several key growth factors, found in platelets, to markedly support tissue regeneration, platelet concentrates have been used more than two decades in regenerative medicine [7]
Studies reveal that together with high amounts of platelets and released growth factors, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is enriched with leukocytes and immune cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as mentioned above [19]
The presence of immune cells influences the differentiation and maturation of macrophages. This may lead to bone and soft tissue regeneration, mainly through the growth factors released from macrophages [40]
Summary
As surgical adjuvants, have been used to enhance the wound healing and tissue. Since earlier studies [5,6] demonstrated the ability of several key growth factors, found in platelets, to markedly support tissue regeneration, platelet concentrates have been used more than two decades in regenerative medicine [7]. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of human platelets in a small volume of plasma centrifuged to reach the supraphysiological concentrations of growth factors [4,5]. In 2001, Choukroun et al, as reviewed earlier [9], introduced a new platelet concentrate termed platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). This novel formulation is completely autologous, prepared without any anticoagulants, and contains high concentrations of host immune cells [10]. PRF: Basics of biological actions and protocol modifications 447 technique and their possible application in regenerative medicine
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