PLASTIC WASTE: CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, HEALTH HAZARD AND BIODEGRADATION STRATEGIES AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Plastic changed everyday life; production and usage of plastic exceeded every day reaches 390 million tons by 2021. In this review paper, we are concerned about the growing demand for plastic everyday all over the world. It is evident that plastic become a solution in every field because plastic is a low-cost and durable product. Plastic brings many benefits socially and future for technologies and medical advances. But plastic has become a very serious problem because plastic causes pollution in the environment. The disposal of plastic and accumulation waste in landfill is a matter of concern. We all know that plastic is non-degradable product plastic can be land filled for years and cause serious problems which are related to humans, wildlife, the ecosystem, and others. Plastic pollution in the marine environment is a serious threat because marine animals get affected by neoplastic and microplastics. Plastic sustainability we are destroying our future with these activities. Around 4% of the total world, oil is used in biofuel to make plastic and around 4% is used in energy in the process. More than half of the product is used in packaging which is discarded same time in the landfill and plastic stays in the landfill for years. There are many solutions to overcome this problem including material reduction, end-of-life recyclability designing, recycling capacity, short-loved applications of plastics, limited disposal of plastic, policies for reducing littering, and application for green chemistry. These actions can be most effective with the help of the public, industries, scientists, and policymakers. Because it‘s time to take action because there is some urgency, the quantity of plastic production is growing very fast and the problems with the growing demand for plastic are also increasing. For the degradation of plastic there are many ways but biological degradation is environmental-friendly, low cost, easy and sustainable process. There are many microbes which have ability to degrade plastic so we need to understand the interaction between plastic and microbes so we can overcome from the plastic pollution. In this review article we discussed the overall scenario of plastic uses, plastic misuses, plastic pollution and management of plastic pollution