Abstract
This study was conducted for typing Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in Turkey using pulsed–field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid DNA profile analysis. Fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. The samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of Turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. The strains were determined to belong to 4 different serovars. The Salmonella enterica strains belonged to the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 23), Salmonella Infantis (n = 14), Salmonella Munchen (n = 2), and Salmonella Typhi (n = 3). Forty-two Salmonella enterica strains were typed with PFGE methods using XbaI restriction enzyme and plasmid analysis. At the end of typing, 11 different PFGE band profiles were obtained. Four different PFGE profiles (type 1, 4, 9, and 10) were found among serotype S. Enteritidis species, 3 different PFGE profiles (type 3, 5, 6) were found among S. Infantis species, 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Typhi species (type 2 and 11), and 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Munchen species (type 7, 8). The UPGMA dendrogram was built on the PFGE profiles. In this study, it was determined that 4 strains of 42 Salmonella enterica strains possess no plasmid, while the isolates have 1–3 plasmids ranging from 5.0 to 150 kb and making 12 different plasmid profiles (P1–P12). In this study, we have applied the analysis of the PFGE patterns and used bioinformatics methods to identify both inter and intra serotype relationships of 4 frequently encountered serotypes for the first time in Turkey.
Highlights
Salmonella enterica is one of the major causative pathogens of food borne disease outbreaks [1] and a public health concern all over the world [2]
Bacterial strains In this study, strains isolated from 42 clinical non-related samples with acute diarrhea were randomly collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of Turkey (Izmir, Bursa, Ankara, Istanbul, Van, Erzurum, Igdır)
Salmonella serotypes In this study, 42 Salmonella enterica isolates that were different from each other were identified
Summary
Salmonella enterica is one of the major causative pathogens of food borne disease outbreaks [1] and a public health concern all over the world [2]. It has increased dramatically in European countries, and it causes an estimated 17 million annual cases of acute gastroenteritidis or diarrhea according to the World Health Organization [3,4]. Salmonella includes more than 2,400 different known serovars, and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritidis according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enteritidis is gradually increasing and it has been the serotype isolated most frequently in the last 10 years. There are very few researches that investigate the state and regional differences throughout Turkey [7]
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