Plasma replacement solutions in the intensive care unit of shock for acute spontaneous canine babesiosis

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the study of secondary processes that develop during acute spontaneous babesiosis in dogs, as well as on the use of infusion therapy with plasma substitutes for the development of shock as a complication of the underlying disease. It is shown that acute blood parasitic disease is accompanied by the development of moderate subcompensated shock, which determines the state of unstable equilibrium and the tendency to avalanche-like disorders due to the transition of the process to the decompensated phase. The basis for the diagnosis of the shock state was the establishment of the following hemodynamic and hemorheological changes: hypovolemia with a decrease of all blood components (shaped elements and plasma components) in the circulation, a significant decrease in the specific volume of circulating blood, hematocrit value, a significant increase in spontaneous aggregation of shaped blood elements (platelets and red blood cells), hypotension, an increase in the Alghöver shock index by almost 2 times. There was a significant deficit in the volume of circulating blood (the degree of blood loss), which was about 30 %. It is shown that the presence of a state of shock in the subcompensation stage poses a threat to the life of the animal in the event of transition to the terminal stage. In order to stop the development of shock, infusion therapy was used with the most common plasma–substituting solutions – Rheopolyglucin and Rheosorbylact at a dose of 5 ml/kg of body weight intravenously drip per day for 3 days. A comparative assessment of the effect of drugs on the correction of major hemodynamic and hemorheological shifts was carried out. It was found that Rheopolyglucin as a colloidal plasma substitute has a better effect on the normalization of hemodynamic disorders – hypovolemia and hypotension, and Rheosorbylact as a crystalloid plasma substitute turned out to be the best disaggregant and reducing agent of hemorheological disorders. Both drugs provided a complete recovery of hemodynamic and hemorheological parameters in 72 hours. As a result, it is recommended to use a combination of drugs with the priority of Rheopolyglucin in the first hours of treatment and combine it with an infusion of Rheosorbylact in subsequent days.