Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an oral cavity disease arising from chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Exosomes are lipid vesicles that are enriched in specific microRNAs (miRNAs), potentially providing a disease-specific diagnostic signature. To assess the value of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for CP, 8 plasma- and 8 salivary-exosomal miRNAs samples were profiled using Agilent platform (comparative study). From 2,549 probed miRNAs, 33 miRNAs were significantly down-regulated in CP as compared to healthy plasma samples. Whereas, 1,995 miRNAs (1,985 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated) were differentially expressed in the CP as compared to healthy saliva samples. hsa-miR-let-7d [FC = −26.76; AUC = 1; r = −0.728 [p-value = 0.04]), hsa-miR-126-3p (FC = −24.02; AUC = 1; r = −0.723 [p-value = 0.043]) and hsa-miR-199a-3p (FC = −22.94; AUC = 1; r = −0.731 [p-value = 0.039]) are worth to be furthered studied for plasma-exosomal samples. Meanwhile, for salivary-exosomal samples, hsa-miR-125a-3p (FC = 2.03; AUC = 1; r = 0.91 [p-value = 0.02]) is worth to be furthered studied. These miRNAs are the reliable candidates for the development of periodontitis biomarker, as they were significantly expressed differently between CP and healthy samples, have a good discriminatory value and strongly correlate with the mean of PPD. These findings highlight the potential of exosomal miRNAs profiling in the diagnosis from both sourced as well as provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in CP.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an inflammation disease (Suzuki et al, 2004; Kato et al, 2013), characterized by gingival swelling, loss of alveolar bone and movement of the teeth
ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nano 6000 electropherograms showed peaks for small RNAs; while small RNA electropherograms showed peaks for miRNAs (Supplementary Figure S1). These observations suggested that the RNA isolation procedure was successful in collecting miRNAs
We demonstrated here for the first time that miRNAs from the plasma- and salivary-exosomes of Chronic periodontitis (CP) individuals could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker
Summary
Periodontitis is an inflammation disease (Suzuki et al, 2004; Kato et al, 2013), characterized by gingival swelling, loss of alveolar bone and movement of the teeth. The CP disease detection still relies on conventional clinical measurements: charting dental plaque accumulation, measuring periodontal pocket depth (PPD), the calculation of percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) and radiographic detection of alveolar bone loss (ABL). The outcome of these evaluations can vary greatly depending on the dentists’ skills and experience (Fujimori et al, 2019). They have negative regulation of gene expression (degrading target mRNA or inhibit the translation of protein product) (Lee et al, 2011) and have been well characterized to play a role in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, pathogen-host interactions, stress responses and immune function (Lu et al, 2005; Stadler and RuoholaBaker, 2008). miRNAs have been proposed as excellent salivary biomarker candidates due to their ease of isolation and identification through quantitative PCR (Michael et al, 2010)
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