Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, which causes the destruction of both the soft and mineralized tissues. However, current treatments such as bone graft materials, barrier membranes, and protein products all have difficulties in regenerating the complete periodontal tissue structure. Stem cell-based tissue engineering has now emerged as one of the most effective treatments for the patients suffering from periodontal diseases. Plants not only can be substrates for life processes, but also contain hormones or functional molecules. Numbers of preclinical studies have revealed that products from plant can be successfully applied in modulating proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Plant-derived substances can induce stem cells osteogenic differentiation, and they also possess angiogenic potency. Furthermore, in the field of tissue engineering, plant-derived compounds or plant extracts can be incorporated with biomaterials or utilized as biomaterials for cell transplantation. So it is speculated that botanical products may become a new perspective in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration. However, the lack of achieving predict clinical efficacy and quality control has been the major impediment to its extensive application. This review gives an overview of the prospect of applying different plant-derived substances in various human mesenchymal stem cells-based periodontal regeneration.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory disease which affects the periodontium
According to their tissue of origin, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for periodontal regeneration can be generally divided into two categories: dental stem cells, e.g., bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and non-dental stem cells mainly including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) [29], dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) [30], stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) [31], stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) [32], and dental follicle precursor cells (DFPCs) [32]
Li, Zhang et al found that the ethanol extracts of the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum inhibited the proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a dose-dependent way and presented a cytotoxic effect at a concentration of ≥200 μg/mL [54]
Summary
Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory disease which affects the periodontium. Scientists have been seeking ways to repair the damage which occurs during periodontitis They include the use of a range of surgical procedures, the use of a variety of grafting materials and growth factors, and the use of barrier membranes. All these current treatment procedures just offer a limited potential for attaining complete periodontal restoration [2]. Due to different origins of the stimulators, immune-rejection may BioMed Research International happen in these cells as well These reagents usually degrade rapidly and need continuous supplement, which makes them unaffordable and less available for common individuals; their use in therapeutic tissue engineering is limited. It may lead to a renewed interest in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration
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