Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is widely used in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy. However, because the bioactivity of EMD varies from batch to batch, and the use of a synthetic peptide could avoid use from an animal source, a completely synthetic peptide (SP) containing the active component of EMD would be useful. In this study an oligopeptide synthesized derived from EMD was evaluated for whether it contributes to periodontal tissue regeneration. We investigated the effects of the SP on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are involved in tissue regeneration. MSCs were treated with SP (0 to 1000 ng/mL), to determine the optimal concentration. We examined the effects of SP on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation indicators such as alkaline phosphatase activity, the production of procollagen type 1 C-peptide and osteocalcin, and on mineralization. Additionally, we investigated the role of extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) in cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation induced by SP. Our results suggest that SP promotes these processes in human MSCs, and that ERK inhibitors suppress these effects. In conclusion, SP promotes cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human MSCs, probably through the ERK pathway.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation that destroys the periodontal tissue [1]
The results of this study indicate that synthetic peptide (SP) promotes cell proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration
The present study suggests that SP promotes cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization in human MSCs
Summary
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation that destroys the periodontal tissue [1]. Various therapies for regenerating periodontal tissue destroyed by periodontal disease have been tested. Some materials that have been used in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy include bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) [2], platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [3], and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) [4]. EMD is widely used in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy, because it induces the regeneration of periodontal tissue lost in periodontal disease [6,7]. EMD promotes cell proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts, all of which are cells involved in periodontal tissue regeneration [8,9]. EMD clinically promotes periodontal tissue regeneration, this substance is derived from animal tissue and contains unknown pathogens and a mixture of heterogeneous proteins [10]. To best use the clinical data obtained regarding the regeneration effects and postoperative stability of EMD, a completely synthetic peptide containing the active component of EMD is required
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