Plant–Environment Interaction in Developing Crop Species Resilient to Climate Change

Abstract

Plants are sessile in nature and phenotypic developmental plasticity has an important role in plant–environment interactions under fluctuating climatic situations. Plants are very sensitive to these circumstances and endeavor to acclimatize or adapt via modulating their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. In this aspect, the development of climate-resilient crops is essential to accelerate production and meet global food security. These goals can be achieved by the application of high-throughput phenotyping, molecular breeding, and new advance biotechnological approaches, which will hasten the breeding cycle of a crop plant. Recent researches suggested 2that high-throughput phenotyping, micro-RNA-mediated developmental plasticity, phytohormones signaling, circadian clock, the molecular basis of eco-evolutionary phenological diversified functional traits, prediction of genotypic × environment interactions through next-generation sequencing and molecular markers, growth and development modeling, bioinformatics and omics approaches accelerates can be useful for deep understanding of plant–environment interaction. Therefore, considering before mentioned this chapter elaborates on crucial mechanisms (plant physiological, biochemical, genetical, molecular, and evolutionary) for further understanding of plant– environment interactions and developing climate resilient and smart crop varieties under extreme climatic events.