Plantar massage or ankle mobilization do not alter gait biomechanics in those with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by persistent neuromechanical impairments following an initial lateral ankle sprain. Ankle joint mobilization and plantar massage have improved the range of motion and static postural control in those with CAI. This study aimed to determine the impact of two-week joint mobilization and plantar massage interventions on gait kinematics and kinetics in individuals with CAI. Methods A single-blind randomized trial was conducted with 60 participants with CAI, randomized into three groups: joint mobilization (n = 20), plantar massage (n = 20), and control (n = 20). The two treatment groups received six 5-min sessions manual therapy over a 2-week, while the control group received no intervention. Gait biomechanics were assessed on an instrumented treadmill before and after the intervention using 3D kinematics and kinetics analysis. Analyses compared biomechanical outcomes from each treatment group to the control group individually using a 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. Results Eighteen participants per group were part of the final analysis. No significant main or interactions effects were found for ankle sagittal or frontal plane positions following either intervention (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). COP location relative to the lateral border of the foot also did not change (p > 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that two-week joint mobilization and plantar massage interventions do not significantly alter gait biomechanics in individuals with CAI. These results support the need for gait-specific interventions to modify biomechanics in this population.