Plantago major plants responses to increase content of lead in soil: Growth and photosynthesis

Abstract

Effects of an increased lead (Pb) content in soil on growth, photosynthesis (P N) and anatomical parameters of Plantago major L. plants grown under controlled conditions were studied. The total dry weights of plants at 500 and 2000 mg kg−1 Pb in soil were correspondingly 70% and 54% of those of control plants. A reduced leaf area and changed leaf structure caused a decrease in P N in the whole plant. The specific leaf weight (SLW) increased as compared with that of control plants. An increasing Pb content in soil caused a larger number of chloroplasts and larger sizes of protoplasts, a decrease in the chlorophyll a+b contents and a larger number of stomata per unit leaf area based both in adaxial and abaxial epidermis, as compared with control plants. However their conductance was from 40% to 50% lower than that in control plants. It was noted that the dimensions of conducting bundles decreased mainly because of the reduced xylem area. The lower functional activity and the changes at different structural levels of the photosynthetic apparatus caused a decrease in the growth rate of plants at a high Pb content in soil.