Effect of Organic Matter Amendment on Lead Contamination in Roadside Soil and Plant

Sabaruddin Sabaruddin,Mardia Mardia,Dedik Budianta

doi:10.5400/jts.2010.v15i1.25-32

Abstract

Lad Contamination in Roadside Soil and Plant and Effect of Organic Matter Amendment (Sabaruddin, D Budianta and Mardia): Roadside soils and plants may be the most important sink of lead (Pb). It has been widely known that soil organic matter (SOM) plays important roles in determining concentrations of metals in soil solution and their extractability from the soil. To investigate Pb contamination in the roadside soils and plants, as well as the effect of organic matter (OM) on the soluble Pb in the roadside soils, surface soils (0 to 20 cm) were collected from a busy road. The soils were incubated for 4 weeks under room temperature after being treated with 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 of OM. Leaves of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) planted on the roadside were also analyzed for Pb content. Current study revealed that Pb content in roadside soils and leaves of oil palm was 1.5 and 5.5 times higher than the safe level of Pb in soil and plant. It confirms that both soil and plant at the study site were contaminated by Pb. Current study also showed that SOM amendment significantly (P<0.01) affected soluble Pb content in the soils. Adding OM to the soil at 30 Mg ha-1 to correct the level of SOC from very low to low was sufficient to significantly reduce soluble Pb in the soils. However, the application of 60 Mg ha-1 of OM triggered the increases in soluble Pb in the soils. Further increases in OM application to 90 Mg ha-1 resulted in significant increases in soluble Pb as compared with that in the soil receiving 30 Mg ha-1 of OM. In spite of the increases, the level of soluble Pb in the soils receiving 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 of OM was still much below the safe level of Pb in soil.

Highlights

Heavy metal contamination in the environment is of major concern because the majority of the heavy metals are toxic to the living organisms and the environment, even those considered as essential can be toxic if present in excess (Chirenje et al 2003; Dolan et al 2006; Jarup 2003; Ma and Rao 1997; Silva et al 2005)
Current study revealed that Pb content in roadside soils at the study site was 20.01 mg kg-1
This level was 1.5 times higher than the safe level of Pb in soil (12.75 mg kg-1) as regulated by Balai Penelitian Tanah Indonesia (2002) and it reveals that the roadside soils at the study site are polluted by Pb

Summary

Introduction

Heavy metal contamination in the environment is of major concern because the majority of the heavy metals are toxic to the living organisms and the environment, even those considered as essential can be toxic if present in excess (Chirenje et al 2003; Dolan et al 2006; Jarup 2003; Ma and Rao 1997; Silva et al 2005). Heavy metals may come from many different sources, including vehicle emissions, industrial discharge and other activities (Gibson and Farmer 1986; Harrison et al 1981; Li et al 2001; Thornton 1991; Wu et al 2006). The extensive use of automobile is one of the most important sources of heavy metal contamination in the roadside environment (Garcia and Millán 1994). In the vicinity of roads, dust and the other traffic-related pollutants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particles (PAH) and volatile organic compounds

Methods

Results

Conclusion