Abstract
Plant tissue culture offers tremendous opportunities in plant propagation, plant improvement and production of plants with desirable agronomical features. It is now possible to develop methods for virus free plant regeneration, salinity tolerance, herbicide resistance, disease resistance, frost resistance, incorporation of high protein content and genetically engineer plants for desirable traits. The medicinal plants are rich in secondary plant products (active principles) are termed medicinal; exert a profound physiological effect on man, curing many ailments and diseases of man. In vitro grown plant cells and tissues have been used extensively for the production of secondary metabolites, which are the source of various pharmaceutical and industrial products. Crop plants play an important role in the human nutrition and health by providing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytosterols and dietary fibers. Plants can be used to produce pharmaceutical proteins for immunization, enzyme therapy or as a precursor for any pharmaceutical products. Transgenic plants can be used as bio-factories for producing pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals and raw materials. Plant tissue cultures were used in achieving a specific biotransformation to produce a cardiovascular steroid digoxin or methyl digoxin from digitoxin of Digitalis lanata . Cell cultures of Stevia rebaudiana can convert steviol into steviobiocide and stevioside which are 100 times sweeter than cane sugar. The role of plant tissue culture in meeting the ever increasing demand and requirements of man in the field of agriculture, forest, horticulture and medicine is highly impressive.
Highlights
Human population is likely to double in about 35 years many advantages over conventional methods of and more than 10 billion will have to be fed, clothed and propagation such as rapid and large scale multiplication provided with jobs under the conditions of shrinking land of productive plants under in vitro conditions, irrespective and water resources, expanding abiotic and biotic of season, conservation of space and time as well as stresses, increasing genetic erosion and raising cost of production of virus-free plants
Plant tissue (1974) outlined three major stages involved in culture broadly refers to in vitro cultivation of plants, micropropagation via. preparation and establishment, seeds, and plant parts
The plant tissue culture techniques offer they may be modified in nurseries and commercial labs opportunities in plant propagation and plant improvement all over the world
Summary
Human population is likely to double in about 35 years many advantages over conventional methods of and more than 10 billion will have to be fed, clothed and propagation such as rapid and large scale multiplication provided with jobs under the conditions of shrinking land of productive plants under in vitro conditions, irrespective and water resources, expanding abiotic and biotic of season, conservation of space and time as well as stresses, increasing genetic erosion and raising cost of production of virus-free plants. Plant tissue culture includes rate of 15% annually, while the global demand is growing different methods/techniques like embryo culture, anther at the rate of 17%. The total area under culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture, somatic floriculture is about 20,000 hectares and several hybridization, synthetic seeds, in vitro secondary companies set up tissue culture laboratories producing metabolite production, micropropagation, high value ornamentals and foliage plantlets such as cryopreservation etc (Basavaraju, 2005).
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