Abstract
Objective: To develop, validate, and assess the feasibility of an Integrated Yoga Module for Substance Use Disorder (IYMSUD) which includes Yoga-Based Counselling (YBC). Method: Phase 1 involves developing IYMSUD through a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Several databases were searched using relevant keywords. Studies were coded and qualitatively analyzed using the inductive thematic approach. Additionally, Yoga experts were interviewed, their input was recorded, transcribed, coded, and qualitatively analyzed to identify themes related to YBC and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Phase 2 utilized the Delphi method with three iterations involving 17 experts to validate IYMSUD. Items with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) score of 0.99 and above were retained. In Phase 3, IYMSUD was administered for 8 weeks on 12 participants following a residential 12 step program. Findings: After reviewing 24 articles and expert interviews in Phase 1, YBC themes were identified to develop IYMSUD. In Phase 2, IYMSUD, incorporating yoga theory, postures, breathing practices, relaxation, advanced techniques, and YBC, met high-quality standards and was deemed feasible for implementation by the experts. In Phase 3, all yoga participants perceived IYMSUD to be satisfactory, feasible, and culturally appropriate and reported no adverse effects. Significant improvements post-intervention were observed in Body Mass Index (p<0.001), Vedic personality traits (p=0.014), global health (p=0.008), psychological domain (p=0.002), and environmental domain (p=0.011) of quality of life. Novelty: This pioneering study empirically integrates yogic counselling into a systematic approach, and shows its validity and feasibility. It could serve as an adjunct treatment for SUD. Keywords: Addiction, Yoga, Psychology, Yoga-based counseling, Feasibility study
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