Plant Regeneration from Unpollinated Ovules of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on Growing Media with Different Carbohydrates

Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa,Anna J Keutgen

doi:10.1007/s12355-021-00975-7

Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa, Anna J Keutgen

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-00975-7

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is referred to as a strategic species due to its exceptional economic and functional importance. Sugar beet is cultivated in order to provide material for sugar production as it is the world’s second source after sugar cane. However, in this species, the regeneration of haploid shoots is difficult in comparison to other cultures or isolated microspores. Haploid plants of sugar beet can be derived from in vitro culture mostly via gynogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this research has been to increase the effectiveness of shoot formation from unpollinated sugar beet ovules by optimising the regeneration technique via induced gynogenesis. Various types and concentrations of chosen carbohydrates in media were evaluated. The Murashige and Skoog medium containing 4.4 μmol/L of 6-benzylaminopurine was solidified by 0.7% of agar and enriched with either sucrose (0.06 mol/L or 0.09 mol/L), glucose (0.09 mol/L), fructose (0.09 mol/L), maltose (0.09 mol/L) or with a combination of sucrose (0.04 mol/L) and mannitol (0.04 mol/L) or with sucrose (0.04 mol/L) and fructose (0.04 mol/L). The control medium contained 0.09 mol/L sucrose without any cytokinins. Of all the analysed media, the best for shoot regeneration turned out to be the media with 4.4 µmol/L 6-benzylaminopurine, solidified with 0.7% agar, additionally containing 0.09 mol/L glucose or 0.06 mol/L sucrose. On those media, over three-fold more shoots compared with the control medium were produced.

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) belongs to the economically very important crops plants, where biological progress in the form of new varieties with performance characteristics far superior compared to the existing ones has been made possible to a large extent by using in vitro culture techniques, in particular the production of haploids and doubled haploids as pure homozygous lines, significantly shortening the sugar beet breeding cycle (Mezei et al 2006)
The shoots produced in the passages for glucose (0.09 mol/L) and sucrose (0.06 mol/L) showed the best habitus and were the largest in number, compared with the control
The analysis demonstrated that the differences in the effectiveness of both sucrose concentrations are small with respect to the high similarity intensity (Table 4)

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) belongs to the economically very important crops plants, where biological progress in the form of new varieties with performance characteristics far superior compared to the existing ones has been made possible to a large extent by using in vitro culture techniques, in particular the production of haploids and doubled haploids as pure homozygous lines, significantly shortening the sugar beet breeding cycle (Mezei et al 2006). In the case of sugar beet, it would take some years to achieve homozygous pure lines as a starting material for further studies (Musiał and Przywara 2001; Pazuki et al 2018). The acquisition of haploidal sugar beets and thereafter of doubled haploids (DH) is mainly achieved by gynogenesis (Musiał and Przywara 2001; Pazuki et al 2018).

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