Abstract
In early 2016, hop plants were introduced into Florida. By late 2016, the hop plants were showing stunted growth and were heavily parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica. In this study, we determined host susceptibility of 14 hop cultivars to M. javanica in a greenhouse experiment and monitored population development of plant-parasitic nematode species in the root zone of 17 hop cultivars planted in three newly established hop yards in Florida. Plant-parasitic nematodes in the rooting zone soil of field grown hop plants included M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Paratrichodorus minor, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Xiphinema setariae/vulgare complex, Mesocriconema xenoplax, and Helicotylenchus dihystera; however, soil population densities of P. minor, B. longicaudatus, X. setariae/vulgare complex, M. xenoplax, and H. dihystera remained low through the study. Root galling, M. javanica egg production, and soil population densities of M. javanica were consistently large on the ‘Canadian Red Vine’, ‘Centennial’, ‘Chinook’, and ‘Comet’ cultivars, and small on the ‘Galena’ and ‘Triple Perle’ cultivars. No differences were observed in soil population densities of P. brachyurus among hop cultivars. Overall, our study provides the first report of plant-parasitic nematode population development in the root zone on hop cultivars planted in Florida.
Highlights
Hop cones from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) are a fundamental ingredient of the brewing process, imparting bitterness, aroma, and flavor to beer
Plant-parasitic nematode species recovered from the root zone of hop plants grown in a Florida field soil during the three-year trial period included M. javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, Paratrichodorus minor Siddiqi, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, Xiphinema setariae/vulgare complex Luc, Mesocriconema xenoplax Loof & De Grisse, and Helicotylenchus dihystera Sher (Table 1)
Plant-parasitic nematode species recovered from the root zone of hop planted in a Florida field soil included M. javanica, P. brachyurus, P. minor, B. longicaudatus, X. setariae/vulgare complex, M. xenoplax, and H. dihystera
Summary
Hop cones from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) are a fundamental ingredient of the brewing process, imparting bitterness, aroma, and flavor to beer. Fungal, and viral diseases have been documented on hop (Mahaffee et al, 2009), there are relatively few reports on the plant-parasitic nematode species associated with this crop. The hop cyst nematode (Heterodera humuli Filipjev) is the most well studied nematode associated with hop worldwide (De Grisse and Gillard, 1963), and has been reported in United States hop production in Pierce County, Washington (Cobb, 1962). Other plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hop in the United States include Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood. In Florida, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are widespread and likely pose a significant obstacle to any hop yard planted in the state. Many other plant-parasitic nematode species that are abundant in the region may pose a threat to hop production. Using a combination of field and greenhouse experiments, the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine host susceptibility of 14 cultivars of hop to M. javanica in a greenhouse experiment, and (ii) monitor population development of plant-parasitic nematode species in the root zone of 17 cultivars of hop planted in three newly established hop yards in Florida
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