Abstract
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) directly and indirectly influence the fitness of their host plants. While much of the work on plant growth promoting bacteria is from various plant rhizospheres, less is known about the strains that inhabit the internal spaces of plant tissues. Conversely, Clavicipitalean fungal endophytes of cool season grasses have been intensely investigated for the past few decades. Like plant growth promoting bacteria, the fungal endophytes also promote the health of their hosts. This paper highlights the current knowledge of plant growth promoting bacterial and fungal endophytes of tall fescue (<i>Lolium arundinaceum</i> = <i>Schedonorus arundinaceaus</i> = <i>Festuca arundinacea</i>) which protect the plant from both abiotic and biotic stresses. Much of the work presented indicates just how little is known about the inter-relationships between the multiple endophytic microbial colonizers of turf grasses.
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