Abstract
ABSTRACT: Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a species of great economic importance to Brazil. In its control, the main option is the use of synthetic miticides, which, if used indiscriminately, can contaminate the environment, farmers and consumers. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on females of this pest. For this, T. urticae females, reared in laboratory, were sprayed in Potter tower. Fourteen plants were tested in the form of aqueous extracts (AE), hydroethanolic extracts (HE) or essential oils (EO). The experimental plot consisted of a Petri dish with a Canavalia ensiformis L. leaf disk containing five T. urticae females, using ten plates per treatment. Mortality evaluations were performed 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after spraying, recording the number of dead females on the disc and the number of dead females on the moistened cotton. We considered that females found on cotton were repelled by treatments. Matricaria chamomilla L. HE and Pimpinella anisum L. AE have acaricidal effect for females, providing above 83% of mortality, after 120 hours. Origanum vulgare L. HE causes at least 75% mortality after 24 hours. Also 120 hours after spraying, P. anisum HE and O. vulgare AE cause repellency of females above 16%, and A. absinthium HE exceeds 22% for this parameter. The results stimulate further researches to determine the optimum dose and evaluation of additional effects on the fertility of surviving females.
Highlights
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a highly polyphagous mite species of great economic importance to Brazil, infesting cotton, beans, strawberry, papaya, cucumber, tomato, grape, ornamental plants, among others (MORAES; FLECHTMANN, 2008).In this pest control, the main option is the use of synthetic acaricides, which are not always efficient, because this species has high ability to develop resistant populations (SATO et al, 2005; NICASTRO et al, 2013) and the lack of selectivity of these products to predatory mites (YAMAMOTO; BASSANEZI, 2003; REIS et al, 2006)
The search for sustainable agriculture that enables the management of pests and diseases with less environmental damage has increased interest in the use of natural products, and there are reports in literature on mortality, decreased fertilization and disorders in the development of mites caused by them (POTENZA et al, 1999; CHOI et al, 2004; VIEIRA et al, 2006; DABROWSKI; SEREDYNSKA, 2007; PONTES et al, 2007; YANAR et al, 2011; VERONEZ et al, 2012; LABORDA et al, 2013)
Studies on Origanum vulgare L. have shown that volatiles emanating from the essential oil have acaricide effect on T. urticae females, reaching 100% mortality as a function of concentration and exposure time (CHOI et al, 2004; ÇALMAŞUR et al, 2006)
Summary
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a highly polyphagous mite species of great economic importance to Brazil, infesting cotton, beans, strawberry, papaya, cucumber, tomato, grape, ornamental plants, among others (MORAES; FLECHTMANN, 2008) In this pest control, the main option is the use of synthetic acaricides, which are not always efficient, because this species has high ability to develop resistant populations (SATO et al, 2005; NICASTRO et al, 2013) and the lack of selectivity of these products to predatory mites (YAMAMOTO; BASSANEZI, 2003; REIS et al, 2006). Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Boisduval in non-contact diffusion bioassay with oil application in filter paper in a closed container provided 100% mortality at a dose of 19 × 10-3 μl/mL of air (CHOI et al, 2004) According to AFIFY (2012), Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert provided 90% mortality of T. urticae females when water-diluted essential oil extract was sprayed on
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