Abstract
Plant cell walls mostly comprise polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of monocots’ primary cell walls differs from that of dicots walls with respect to the type of hemicelluloses, the reduction of pectin abundance and the presence of aromatic molecules. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) differ among plant species, and their distribution within functional classes varies according to cell types, organs, developmental stages and/or environmental conditions. In this review, we go deeper into the findings of cell wall proteomics in monocot species and make a comparative analysis of the CWPs identified, considering their predicted functions, the organs analyzed, the plant developmental stage and their possible use as targets for biofuel production. Arabidopsis thaliana CWPs were considered as a reference to allow comparisons among different monocots, i.e., Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Altogether, 1159 CWPs have been acknowledged, and specificities and similarities are discussed. In particular, a search for A. thaliana homologs of CWPs identified so far in monocots allows the definition of monocot CWPs characteristics. Finally, the analysis of monocot CWPs appears to be a powerful tool for identifying candidate proteins of interest for tailoring cell walls to increase biomass yield of transformation for second-generation biofuels production.
Highlights
The plant cell wall confines the cell volume and serves as protection against stresses, being responsible for the plant shape, enabling trees to be several meters high
The different GH families and the low number of both pectin-related Cell wall proteins (CWPs) and SPs were related to the specific type II-wall characteristics, such as the presence of mixed β-d-glucans, and lower contents of pectin and structural proteins
Despite the particularities displayed by type II cell walls, the nucleotide sequences of genes encoding some of the proteins that are lacking in grasses are conserved among dicots and monocots [123]
Summary
The plant cell wall confines the cell volume and serves as protection against stresses, being responsible for the plant shape, enabling trees to be several meters high In addition to these functions, the cell wall is the most external part of the cell, and as such, interacts with the apoplast, which is essential in virtually all cell processes, including division, expansion, differentiation [1], growth and signaling [2]. (sugarcane) [37,38,39,40], among others Due to this functional diversity, CWPs data present differences between monocots and dicots related to the cell wall structure and composition [41], probably due to both metabolisms’ specificities. In this review, when it is mentioned that one A. thaliana CWPs was identified in the repertoire of the monocots, it means that the monocot CWP sequence matched that A. thaliana protein after BLASTp analysis
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