Abstract
Plant proteases have a number of applications in industrial processes including cheese manufacturing. The flower of the cardoon plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is traditionally used as a milk-clotting agent in protected designation of origin cheeses made from goat and sheep milk. Plant-derived rennets are of particular importance to consumers who wish to eat cheeses that are produced without harming any animals. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of plant proteases, particularly aspartic proteases, in industrial processes, as well as exploring more fundamental aspects of their synthesis. We have also reviewed and discussed the production of these enzymes using sustainable and cost-effective alternative platforms.
Highlights
Plant proteases constitute one of the main groups of plant proteins with important industrial applications, including in fields such as detergents, the food industry, clothing, and pharmaceuticals [1].The main application of plant aspartic proteases (APs) is in the dairy industry as milk-clotting agents during cheese manufacturing
The use of plant APs as rennet in cheese manufacturing is mainly driven by the shortage in animal rennet, which is extracted from the stomach of young calves
SoyAP2 remained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) following plant specific insert (PSI) truncation [43]. These studies were not as exhaustive as those performed for cardosins, they showed that plant APs differ in their sorting strategies
Summary
Plant proteases constitute one of the main groups of plant proteins with important industrial applications, including in fields such as detergents, the food industry, clothing, and pharmaceuticals [1]. These APs can only be used on a semi-industrial scale, which is mainly due suitable vegetarian rennet for cheese manufacturing and the only one with applicability for cheese to their higher proteolytic when compared enzymes fromscale, animal sources The evaluation of individual genotypes showed that the observed biodiversity is reflected in the amount and type of APs present in the flowers of each genotype, with enzymes present in some genotypes and absent in others [16] This variability was found to affect the milk-clotting process, as the use of flower extracts from different thistle populations displayed different milk-clotting times, which affected cheese manufacturing and the rheological and sensorial characteristics of the final product [17,18]. This variability influences the clotting time of the extract and contributes to batch-to-batch unpredictability
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