Planning English language acquisition in ESL and EFL societies: Development and maintenance of languages and cultures

Abstract

The paper juxtaposes two socio‐educational value clusters that predict an ESL and an EFL approach, respectively, to English language acquisition management. The paper describes the two approaches, especially in educational terms, and relates them to the changing functions of English in the world and to national language development and maintenance. The paper discusses the potential consequences of an ESL and EFL approach on Brunei.