Abstract
Planar cell polarity and anisotropic cell behavior play critical roles in large-scale epithelial morphogenesis, homeostasis, wound repair, and regeneration. Cell–Cell communication and mechano-transduction in the second to minute scale mediated by E-cadherin complexes play a central role in the coordination and self-organization of cellular activities, such as junction dynamics, cell shape changes, and cell rearrangement. Here we review the current understanding in the interplay of cell polarity and cell dynamics during body axis elongation and dorsal closure in Drosophila embryos with a focus on E-cadherin dynamics in linking cell and tissue polarization and tissue-scale shape changes.
Highlights
Epithelia constitute the surface of organs in multicellular organisms and the units of many morphogenetic processes
Within the lateral epidermis during gastrulation, the AP patterning system establishes a system of planar cell polarity, which polarizes junctional and cytoskeletal dynamics and subsequently directs cell rearrangement for the tissue-scale changes in morphology
The finding that members of the Tollfamily of membrane receptors are involved in the polarization of the tissue has started to open the black box of molecular links between the transcriptional patterning machinery for axis formation and the cell biological machinery of contractile actomyosin clusters and cell adhesion complexes (Paré et al, 2014; Tetley et al, 2016; Lavalou et al, 2020)
Summary
Epithelia constitute the surface of organs in multicellular organisms and the units of many morphogenetic processes. Epithelial cells adhere to one another to form two-dimensional sheets and constitute permeability barriers for compartmentalization of the body, which is essential for the physiology and protection of the organs and even the whole organisms. Epithelia undergo tissue-scale morphology changes, such as extension, closure, invagination, tubulation, and wrapping. Underlying those morphogenetic processes are cellular activities such as junction remodeling, cell shape changes, and cell rearrangement. We will focus on recent progress in two processes of Drosophila embryogenesis, i.e., germband extension and dorsal closure With these two case studies, we will discuss how cell and tissue polarization are coordinated to give rise to tissue-scale changes in visible morphology
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