Placement of FCS Considering Power Loss, Land Cost, and EV Population

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently gotten a lot of attention from the government and the auto industry. This is because EVs produce less CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and cost less to run and maintain. However, as EV adoption rises, the pressure on the distribution network increases due to changes in power loss, voltage profile, etc. So, EV fast charging stations (FCSs) must be put in the right places for the distribution network to work well. As a result, a two-stage technique is suggested for the deployment of FCSs in this paper. The Land Cost Index (LCI) and the EV Population Index have been taken into consideration while introducing the Charging Station Investor Decision Index (CSIDI) in the first stage (EVPI). Further, the CSIDI was developed to determine the location of FCS in the electrical distribution system while minimizing the cost of land and maximizing the EV population. The distribution system restrictions are considered while formulating an optimization problem in the following step to minimize the overall active power loss. The improved version of the bald eagle search (IBES) algorithm has also been used to solve the minimization issue, and the outcomes have been contrasted with those of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique.