Pityriasis Rosea of Gibert: A Comprehensive Review of a Common, Self-Limiting Dermatologic Entity

Abstract

Pityriasis rosea of Gibert is a common, self-limiting dermatologic entity that continues to raise questions regarding its etiology, diagnosis, and clinical management. This comprehensive review focuses on analyzing the distinctive clinical presentation of pityriasis rosea, characterized by the appearance of a herald patch followed by multiple secondary collarete or Christmas tree lesions. Although the exact cause of this disease remains unknown, a possible relationship with an immune reaction triggered by a previous viral infection or environmental factors yet to be identified is postulated. Through a thorough literature search, current findings on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of pityriasis rosea are evaluated. The importance of the clinician's clinical judgment and accurate identification of the distinctive features of the skin lesions to reach an accurate diagnosis is emphasized. Although pityriasis rosea is usually asymptomatic or causes mild pruritus in most cases, symptomatic therapeutic options, such as the use of oral antihistamines and low potency topical corticosteroids, are described to alleviate patient discomfort when necessary. Patient education and psychological support are essential to decrease the anxiety associated with skin lesions and to provide reassurance during the self-limiting course of this condition. In the context of the clinical and epidemiologic relevance of pityriasis rosea, the need for continued research to improve understanding of its etiology and management arises. Although pityriasis rosea does not represent a serious health threat, its high frequency in the population and its distinctive clinical appearance underscore the importance of empathetic and compassionate medical care to ensure the patient's well-being during the process of spontaneous resolution.