Abstract
Background: Some fish viruses, such as piscine orthoreovirus and infectious salmon anemia virus, target red blood cells (RBCs), highly replicate inside them and induce an immune response. However, the implications of RBCs in the context of birnavirus infection (i.e, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)) have not yet been studied. Methods:Ex vivo trout RBCs were obtained from peripheral blood, ficoll purified and exposed to IPNV in order to analyze infectivity and induced immune response using RT-qPCR, immune fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry and western-blotting techniques. Results: IPNV could not infect RBCs; however, IPNV-exposed RBCs increased the expression of the INF1-related genes ifn-1, pkr and mx genes. Moreover, conditioned media from IPNV-exposed RBCs conferred protection against IPNV infection in CHSE-214 fish cell line. Conclusions: Trout RBCs could trigger an antiviral immune response against IPNV infection despite not being infected. Fish RBCs could be considered mediators of the antiviral response and therefore targets of novel DNA vaccines and new strategies against fish viral infections. Further research is ongoing to completely understand the molecular mechanism that triggers this immune response in trout RBCs.
Highlights
Viral diseases are one of the main agents that cause loses in aquaculture
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) did not infect trout red blood cells (RBCs) To evaluate the infectivity of IPNV in trout RBCs, RBCs were exposed to IPNV at MOI 0.5 and the viral RNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR in the cell pellet at different times post-exposure
IPNV infectivity was evaluated in parallel in the CHSE-214 cell line, used as a positive control of infection
Summary
Viral diseases are one of the main agents that cause loses in aquaculture. Among all the viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly transmissible viral disease with a high impact in the salmon aquaculture industry. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the responsible agent of IPN. IPNV belongs to the Aquabirnaviridae genera within the Birnaviridae family Virions from this family are non-enveloped with a double stranded RNA genome. Aquabirnavirus genus has been written instead of Aquabirnaviridae genera Some fish viruses, such as piscine orthoreovirus and infectious salmon anemia virus, target red blood cells (RBCs), highly replicate inside them and induce an immune response. The implications of RBCs in the context of birnavirus infection (i.e, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)) have not yet been studied. Conclusions: Trout RBCs could trigger an antiviral immune response against IPNV infection despite not being infected. Further research is ongoing to completely understand the molecular mechanism that triggers this immune response in trout RBCs. Remove “highly” I suggest “the roles of RBCs in birnavirus....”. I suggest “the roles of RBCs in birnavirus....” Authors response: It has been corrected
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