Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a highly populated chronic pain disease, which has unique characteristics including generalized or widespread allodynia and female prevalence of gender difference. Many FM patients are common with Sjogren's syndrome. Pilocarpine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist, is used clinically as a drug that promptes the secretion of salvia for dry eyes and mouth. Otherwise, pilocarpine has been shown to possess antinociceptive effect, which maybe caused by vagal afferents activation. The experimental FM mice exposed to intermittent cold stress (ICS) showed sustained abnormal pain, such as mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia to nociceptive thermal stimuli for up to 19 days, but those given constant cold stress (CCS) did not. The abnormal pain was bilateral (generalized), female-predominant and specific for A-delta and A-beta, but not C-fiber-stimuli. In ICS mice, intraperitoneal or oral administration of pilocarpine showed potent anti-hyperalgesic effects in doses without excess salivation at post-stress day5 (P5). The anti-hyperagesic effects last for more than 1 h, but disappear at 24 h. Daily administration of pilocarpine showed equivalent anti-hyperalgesic effects without tolerance. These findings suggest that pilocarpine possesses a beneficial effect for the pain treatment of FM patients with dry eyes and mouth symptoms.
Highlights
Acute isolated neurological syndromes, such as optic neuropathy or transverse myelopathy, may cause diagnostic problems since they can be the first presentations in a number of demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and collagen diseases
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and demyelinating event: A report indicates that adverse events such as the demyelinating lesion in the brain, optic neuritis, and neuropathy occurred after treatment with anti-TNF alpha therapy in collagen disease, and TNF antagonizing therapy showed worsening in a clinical trial with MS
Believing on the similarities of normal joints in humans and monkeys, we have employed a model of collagen-induced arthritis in Macaca fascicularis in an attempt to evaluate the histological alterations caused by such condition in the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage
Summary
Acute isolated neurological syndromes, such as optic neuropathy or transverse myelopathy, may cause diagnostic problems since they can be the first presentations in a number of demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and collagen diseases. Acute Serum Amyloid A (A-SAA) is an acute phase protein strongly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST) critically involved in regulating cell migration and angiogenesis These processes are dependent on downstream interactions between extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal components. Conclusions: These results indicate that Egr-1 contributes to IL-1mediated down-regulation of PPARg expression in OA chondrocytes and suggest that this pathway could be a potential target for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of OA and possibly other arthritic diseases. Immune cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are present at increased amounts in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients [1] and can activate disease-relevant signalling pathways in RA synovial fibroblasts (SF) [2,3].
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