Abstract
Groundwater is naturally protected against pollution through its filter layer which is the soil. However, the development of human activities, including the use of chemicals, gradually reduces the purifying action of this layer. It is therefore essential to develop strategies for a better management of this precious resource. The general objective of this work is to establish the piezometry of the aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the borehole fields of Godomey and Ouedo to improve the delineation of protection perimeters around the boreholes of Ouedo. The study was conducted using three methods that were the FCR method, the infiltration method and the method of Krijgsman and Lobo-Ferreira. The exploitation of the piezometric map enabled to obtain the hydraulic gradient of 0.165%. The radii of immediate protection’s perimeters (PPI) range from 55.653 m to 99.755 m. The retained close protection’ perimeters (PPR) and remote protection’s perimeters (PPE) have an ellipsoidal shape. Their upstream radii range from 220.72 m to 390 m for PPR and from 356.52 m to 659.52 m for PPE; the downstream radii range from 213.06 m to 387.25 m for PPR, and from 321.28 m to 603.97 m for PPE; the radii perpendicular to the flow direction to the right of each borehole vary from 212.58 m to 381.16 m for PPR, and from 336.11 m to 602.67 m for PPE. Probable risks identified for groundwater contamination in these protection areas are the discharge of domestic waste water, solid wastes and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming practices.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activities today are the main sources of water pollution, both surface and underground
The values of the areas of the protection’s perimeters (PPI) obtained by the Calculated Fixed Radius Method (CFR) method vary from 9723.49 m2 to 31,262.21 m2 while the values of the PPI areas obtained by the Krijgsman and Lobo-Ferreira method vary from 9918.16 m2 to 31,887.72 m2
The radii of the PPIs selected in this study are those obtained by the CFR method and range from 55.653 m to 99.755 m
Summary
Anthropogenic activities today are the main sources of water pollution, both surface and underground. These activities most often involve the dumping of domestic sewage from septic tanks, the dumping of solid wastes into lost wells, and the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices. The natural filter constituted by the geological materials most often produces a high-quality water, with in particular very low contents of microorganisms and other substances in suspension. The maintenance of this relative advantage, requires that measures be taken to sustainably maintain the quality of the source of supply. An essential step in protecting the groundwater captured by a structure is the estimated feeding area of this structure [1], that part of the territory on which the infiltrating water will end sooner or later at the collection point
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