Abstract
The purpose of this report is the description of the sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis in a guinea pig, not previously reported, and important by the growing presence of these animals in the clinical routine. A 2-year-old female animal of the specie Cavia porcellus with a history of recurrent cystitis was referred for ultrasound due to suspicion of pyelonephritis. Ultrasonography revealed kidneys with preserved dimensions and well-defined and regular borders, when compared to exams of healthy animals of the same specie. During the examination, there were marked increase in echogenicity of the medullar region and bilateral renal pelvis dilation, which measured 0.38 and 0.41 cm in diameter in the left and right kidney, respectively. Patients affected by acute pyelonephritis may present hyperechogenic focal areas in medullar region or irregular hypoechoic and/or hyperechoic areas in renal cortex. In the animal of this report, however, a generalized increase in echogenicity of the medullar region was identified, possible due to the chronicity of pyelonephritis. The dilation of the renal pelvis observed on the ultrasound of this patient also contributed to the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis since in most acute cases, this alteration is not detected.
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