PIEDRAS ANGULARES DEL DERECHO AMBIENTAL, EL ECOCIDIO Y EL DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL AL MEDIO AMBIENTE PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA PERSONA

Abstract

Objective: The consecration of the environment as a protected legal right worthy of protection, both by national and international legal systems, has brought as a consequence the need to specify terminologically the concept of environment. In this sense, as a consequence of its novelty, the implementation of the concept has been the object of multiple opposing positions on its definition, which, on occasions, has meant a real burden that has led to a lack of protection of this right. Fortunately, the anthropocentric vision has been disappearing in function of the ecocentric position that emphasizes the protection of the environment at the same time that it is independent of its link with other rights such as human life or patrimony, as proclaimed in our fundamental text (the Spanish Constitution of 1978). Finally, it is proposed, after an in-depth study of the constitutional precept, the typification of ecocide as a new crime in the international framework that guarantees the conservation and preservation of the environment with the aim of promoting sustainable development that guarantees both progress and the conservation of our planet. Methodology: On the one hand, we have used a historical-logical method that allows us to focus on the object of study in an evolutionary process that makes it possible to understand its historical behavior and explains its current physiognomy. At the same time, we use the method of analysis-synthesis that makes it possible to break down the object under study into its elements and then recompose it from the integration of these elements. Results: The results obtained in this research have been decisive in delimiting the concept of environment from the legal point of view, which is obviously the first step to take in order to configure a normative body that defends it. At the same time, it has been proposed that ecocide should be considered an international crime, which would help to preserve the ecosystem and promote sustainable development.