Phytosterol, Lipid and Phenolic Composition, and Biological Activities of Guava Seed Oil.

Adchara Prommaban,John B Porter,Anan Chaikitwattana,Somdet Srichairatanakool,Niramon Utama-Ang,Chairat Uthaipibull

doi:10.3390/molecules25112474

Abstract

Plant seeds have been found to contain bioactive compounds that have potential nutraceutical benefits. Guava seeds (Psidium guajava) are by-products in the beverage and juice industry; however, they can be utilized for a variety of commercial purposes. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals of the n-hexane extract of guava seed oil (GSO), to study its free-radical scavenging activity, and to monitor the changes in serum lipids and fatty acid profiles in rats that were fed GSO. The GSO was analyzed for phytochemicals using chromatographic methods. It was also tested for free-radical scavenging activity in hepatoma and neuroblastoma cells, and analyzed in terms of serum lipids and fatty acids. GSO was found to contain phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid and its derivatives) and phytosterols (e.g., stimasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol), and exerted radical-scavenging activity in cell cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term consumption of GSO did not increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat serum, but it tended to decrease serum fatty acid levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to report on the lipid, phytosterol and phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, and the hepato- and neuro-protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress levels in the GSO extract.

Highlights

Were identified using the Analysis Software, and these represented the tentative compounds identified as 4-hexyl-decanoic acid, sphinganine, 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl di-endoperoxide, didrovaltratum, sphingofungin B, 13,14-dihydro-19(R)-hydroxyprostaglandin E1, eschscholtzxanthin, tetradecan-3-one and xestoaminol C (Figure 1 and Figure S1, Table 1)
20–60 μg/mL, and were complete above 60 μg/mL (Figure 4). In addition, guava seed oil (GSO) was measured at a half the results revealed that GSO decreased the initial DPPH concentration by 50% at a concentration maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) against Trolox, and the results revealed that GSO decreased the value of 139 g GSO/g [DPPH ]
The results suggest that GSO rich in α-linoleic acid, phytosterols and chlorogenic acid could be utilized as a source of functional lipids, in the synthesis of essentially longer n-6 fatty acids, and the protection of oxidative stress-induced hepatocytes and neuronal cells

Summary

Introduction

Myrtaceae) is an important edible tropical fruit and a well-known herbal plant that has been widely applied in folk and traditional medicine [1,2]. The leaves are known to exhibit free-radical scavenging, inotropic, anti-glycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diarrheal activities [3,4,5,6,7,8]. The pulp and peel have been known to exert anti-neoplastic effects on the induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation [9]. A by-product of the beverage and juice processing industry, are abundant in dietary fiber, proteins, fats, phenolics, flavonol glycosides, Molecules 2020, 25, 2474; doi:10.3390/molecules25112474 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. Lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava plants was found to contain high amounts of fatty acids, of which linoleic acid (LA) was the most abundant [15] Guava seed oil (GSO) obtained from red (P. cattleianum Sabin) and yellow (P. cattleianum var. lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava plants was found to contain high amounts of fatty acids, of which linoleic acid (LA) was the most abundant [15]

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