Abstract
Background:The effects of obesity surgery on serum and adipose tissue fatty acid (FA) profile and FA metabolism may modify the risk of obesity-related diseases.Methods:We measured serum (n=122) and adipose tissue (n=24) FA composition and adipose tissue mRNA expression of genes regulating FA metabolism (n=100) in participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (KOBS, age 47.2±8.7 years, BMI 44.6±6.0, 40 men, 82 women) before and one year after obesity surgery. As part of the surgery protocol, all the subjects were instructed to add sources of unsaturated fatty acids, such as rapeseed oil and fatty fish, into their diet. The results were compared with changes in serum FA composition in 122 subjects from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention study (DPS) (age 54.3±7.1 years, BMI 32.2±4.6, 28 men, 94 women).Results:The proportion of saturated FAs decreased and the proportion of n-3 and n-6 FAs increased in serum triglycerides after obesity surgery (all P<0.002). Weight loss predicted changes in quantitative amounts of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, n-3 and n-6 FAs in triglycerides (P<0.002 for all). Moreover, the changes in adipose tissue FAs reflected the changes in serum FAs, and some of the changes were associated with mRNA expression of elongases and desaturases in adipose tissue (all P<0.05). In line with this the estimated activity of elongase (18:1 n-7/16:1 n-7) increased significantly after obesity surgery in all lipid fractions (all P<4 × 10−7) and the increase in the estimated activity of D5D in triglycerides was associated with higher weight loss (r=0.415, P<2 × 10−6). Changes in serum FA profile were similar after obesity surgery and lifestyle intervention, except for the change in the absolute amounts of n-3 FAs between the two studies (P=0.044).Conclusions:Beneficial changes in serum and adipose tissue FAs after obesity surgery could be associated with changes in endogenous metabolism and diet.
Highlights
The role of fatty acids (FAs) in obesity-related morbidity is of great interest, and the circulating FA profile is associated with various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and obesity itself.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
We propose that altered FA metabolism in serum and adipose tissue might contribute to the metabolic benefits occurring after obesity surgery
In cholesteryl esters (CE) and PL, there were no significant changes in quantitative amounts of lipid classes except for the concentration of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), which increased
Summary
The role of fatty acids (FAs) in obesity-related morbidity is of great interest, and the circulating FA profile is associated with various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and obesity itself.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] FAs in circulating blood are partly derived from diet,[8] but the FA composition is strongly affected by the activities of FA elongases and desaturases that are known to be regulated by insulin.[1,9] insulin resistance with alterations in endogenous FA metabolism may explain some of the obesityrelated changes in FA levels. METHODS: We measured serum (n = 122) and adipose tissue (n = 24) FA composition and adipose tissue mRNA expression of genes regulating FA metabolism (n = 100) in participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (KOBS, age 47.2 ± 8.7 years, BMI 44.6 ± 6.0, 40 men, 82 women) before and one year after obesity surgery. The changes in adipose tissue FAs reflected the changes in serum FAs, and some of the changes were associated with mRNA expression of elongases and desaturases in adipose tissue (all P o 0.05) In line with this the estimated activity of elongase (18:1 n-7/16:1 n-7) increased significantly after obesity surgery in all lipid fractions (all Po 4 × 10 − 7) and the increase in the estimated activity of D5D in triglycerides was associated with higher weight loss (r = 0.415, Po 2 × 10 − 6). CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial changes in serum and adipose tissue FAs after obesity surgery could be associated with changes in endogenous metabolism and diet
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