Phytosanitary condition of spring wheat crops depending on plowing of different and planar loosening

Abstract

The article presents the stationary experience of the Department of General Agriculture of the Uman National University of Horticulture, where during 2014–2016. The phytosanitary condition in crops of spring wheat was studied. The culture was located in a five-field crop rotation after spring rape. Factor A in the experiment was the soil cultivation methods represented by plowing and plow-cutting cultivation, and factor B – the depths of these cultivations — 15–17, 20–22, and 25–27 cm. The objects of research were the weediness of crops, the population of the soil with wintering larvae of the winter scoop, meadow moth and forged of striped and steppe and the degree of infection of cultivated plants with diseases: dark brown spotting, powdery mildew and helminthosporious root rot. The methodology for determining these elements of the phytosanitary state of spring wheat crops was generally accepted. According to three-year data, the replacement of plowing by plow-cutting cultivation was accompanied by a deterioration in the phytosanitary condition due to weed contamination of crops. Reducing the depth or replacing the methods of the main autumnal cultivation from 25–27 to 20–22 and 15–17 cm led to an increase in the level of weediness in crops. Both studied factors influenced the soil population for spring sowing of winter spring larvae of the main pests of spikes, when, due to the replacement of the waste processing, the subsurface number of larvae of the winter scoop, meadow moth and forgery increased by 51, 98 and 59 %, respectively, and due to a decrease in the depth of plowing from largest to smallest – by 258, 282 and 263 %, respectively. Similarly, under the influence of these factors, although the level of damage of wheat plants to spring leaf (dark brown spotting and powdery mildew) and root (helminthosporious root rot) diseases changed less pronounced. So, both ways to minimize the main autumn cultivation of the soil cause a deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of spring wheat crops.