Abstract
Abstract The current research aimed to investigate both the tolerance and the phytoremediation potential of Desmodium incanum DC. on petroleum-contaminated soil. There were analyzed D. incanum seeds germination, surviving, growth and development cultivated at different contaminants concentrations as well as the pollutant degradation rate by gas chromatography and rhizosphere community. The experiment was carried out on a greenhouse containing non-contaminated soil (NCS), vegetated contaminated soil (VCS) and non-vegetated contaminated soil (NVCS) at the following petroleum concentrations (petroleum per of dry soil): 50 g kg-1 and 100 g kg-1. The experiments were performed during 90 days. The germination was more evident as it was observed higher petroleum concentrations. After 90 days, the surviving rate of the both groups 100%, and the soil samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. The VCS (100 g kg-1) group growth was reduced when compared to the NVCS (100 g kg-1). The petroleum influenced the morph anatomy and development of the plant. Significant increases in the total area, cortical and central cylinder of the roots in the contamination presence. The plant provided the development of larger amounts of microorganisms in the rhizosphere zone, and higher petroleum compounds degradation, confirming their potential phytoremediation for soils contaminated by petroleum.
Highlights
The petroleum is the world's leading energy matrix, despite the great importance in the economic panorama presents significant environmental problems (Speight, 2012; 2014; Wang et al, 2011), either by contamination of the environment, in industrial and derivatives use, making it one of the largest pollutants the many different ecosystems (Alrumman et al, 2015; Bramley-Alves et al, 2014; Lotfinasabasl et al, 2013; Zhu et al, 2015)
Environmental pollution caused by petroleum, either in oceans, lakes, rivers and soils occurs through extraction processes, refining, processing, transportation, abandonment of refinery sites and pipeline ruptures (Malik et al, 2012; Peng et al, 2009; Soleimani et al, 2010)
3.1 Plant development The germination occurred on the eighth day after seeding in the treatments vegetated contaminated soil (VCS) 50 and VCS 100, which showed higher germination rates, when compared to non-contaminated soil (NCS), with values of 66.7 and 37.5%, respectively (Table 1)
Summary
The petroleum is the world's leading energy matrix, despite the great importance in the economic panorama presents significant environmental problems (Speight, 2012; 2014; Wang et al, 2011), either by contamination of the environment, in industrial and derivatives use, making it one of the largest pollutants the many different ecosystems (Alrumman et al, 2015; Bramley-Alves et al, 2014; Lotfinasabasl et al, 2013; Zhu et al, 2015). Environmental pollution caused by petroleum, either in oceans, lakes, rivers and soils occurs through extraction processes, refining, processing, transportation, abandonment of refinery sites and pipeline ruptures (Malik et al, 2012; Peng et al, 2009; Soleimani et al., 2010). This leads to ecological damage, causing the death of many animals and plants (Lotfinasabasl et al, 2013; Mendez-Natera et al, 2007). A promising technology from the decade of 1990, the phytoremediation has been emerging and an excellent strategy for the treatment of various contaminants, whether organic or inorganic (FerreraCerrato et al, 2007; Gherhardt et al, 2009; Peng et al, 2009; Tripathi et al, 2015)
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