Phytophthora citrophthora . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora citrophthora . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Citrus spp. and many other hosts represented by the following families: Aceraceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Pinaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae . Also pathogenic on inoculation to hosts in the above and following additional families: Fagaceae, Myrtaceae and Oleaceae (10: 98, 569; 17: 253). Some records may be mis-identifications. DISEASES: Causing brown fruit rot, leaf and shoot blight, trunk gummosis, collar and root rot of citrus; trunk and crown canker of apple, pear. peach, plum and other woody Rosaceae, and avocado, honey-locust and walnut; and 'damping-off' of a large variety of nursery seedlings including citrus, tomato and conifers (30: 433). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Congo, Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Northern Rhodesia, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tunisia); Asia (China,? India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Malaya, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey); Australasia (Australia, Cook Is., Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand); Europe (Cyprus, France, Italy, Spain); Central America (Cuba, El Salvador, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); North America (Mexico, United States); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay). (CMI Map 35, Ed. 3) TRANSMISSION: Occurs in soil to a depth of 1 m or more (1: 212) and is disseminated by rain splash from soil to low hanging fruit and foliage (20: 300; 31: 604). Also present throughout the year in California in reservoirs and irrigation canals supplying citrus groves (39: 24). The testas of seed from infected citric fruit can carry the pathogen to new seed beds and on transplanting to the nursery. Balled trees from such nurseries constitute an important source of infection on clean land in California (37: 165).